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Classification theorem : ウィキペディア英語版
Classification theorem

In mathematics, a classification theorem answers the classification problem "What are the objects of a given type, up to some equivalence?". It gives a non-redundant enumeration: each object is equivalent to exactly one class.
A few related issues to classification are the following.
*The equivalence problem is "given two objects, determine if they are equivalent".
*A complete set of invariants, together with which invariants are realizable, solves the classification problem, and is often a step in solving it.
*A computable complete set of invariants (together with which invariants are realizable) solves both the classification problem and the equivalence problem.
* A canonical form solves the classification problem, and is more data: it not only classifies every class, but gives a distinguished (canonical) element of each class.
There exist many classification theorems in mathematics, as described below.
==Geometry==

* Classification of Euclidean plane isometries
* Classification theorem of surfaces
*
* Classification of two-dimensional closed manifolds
*
* Enriques–Kodaira classification of algebraic surfaces (complex dimension two, real dimension four)
*
* Nielsen–Thurston classification which characterizes homeomorphisms of a compact surface
* Thurston's eight model geometries, and the geometrization conjecture

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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